National Novel Writing Month

National Novel Writing Month National Novel Writing Month National Novel Writing Month By Mark Nichol On Tuesday, November 1, a couple hundred thousand people around the world will participate in National Novel Writing Month, which, despite its intuitive name, I’ll explain here: The goal is to write a 50,000-word novel (that’s about 175 manuscript pages, based on a count of approximately 300 words per page) in thirty days. That’s about 1,700 words, or six double-spaced manuscript pages, give or take, a day assuming that you write every day. Insane? More like insanely ingenious. The idea behind this seemingly insurmountable goal is to write for quantity, not for quality to dash off a first draft under the auspices of a worldwide project to distance yourself from the little voice in your head that tells you that you should go back and polish that passage, pare that paragraph, or prune that page. It’s basically hours and hours of feverish, fervent, frantic freewriting a technique for unleashing your creativity by abandoning any pretext of inserting your editorial alter ego into the process. Write, write some more, and just keep on writing, without looking back. The sponsors of NaNoWriMo, as it’s abbreviated, acknowledge that may seem like a risky endeavor. You may limp to a finish at midnight on November 30, only to discover that you have devoted much of your precious time to churning out what? What did you accomplish? The product of a few hundred thousand keystrokes. Is it ready for publication? Hardly. But no novel, no short story, no poem, no article or review or essay or other composition, is print-ready. That’s not the point. The point is that you will have overcome your trepidation at devoting so much time and effort toward crafting a towering achievement in prose, using the novelty of the project as an excuse. And then you will have a first draft of a novel (and then the real work starts). Last year, only a little more than 10 percent of participants reached their goal of producing the first draft of a 50,000-word novel. But nearly 200,000 others staggered away from their computers on the last day of November with at least the start of something satisfying. Sign up at the NaNoWriMo Web site, and explore the site’s features to help you motivate yourself. One of these is a tool that lets you update your word count daily. You can also post excerpts of your work in progress for others to read. So, are you going to give it a shot? Of course you are. Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

The eNotes Blog How to Read a Book a Day in2013

How to Read a Book a Day in2013 Perhaps one of your resolutions for 2013, like so many peoples, is to read more this year. Im guessing, though, that you did not set yourself the daunting task of reading a grand total of 365 books over the course of as many days. That would be crazy, right? Not according to Jeff Ryan of Slate, who proved in 2012 that such a resolution, though insane, is not impossible to achieve. While I certainly do not have plans to attempt Ryans wacky goal myself, the tactics he employed to reach that number might help anyone looking to cover more literary ground this year. Heres how he did it, how you can learn from it, and why Ryans goal might actually not have been so wacky after all For a resolution like this, Ryan had to start out with some ground rules. And no, priority No. 1 was not to lower the minimum page count of the books on his list. It was to avoid scrimping on his current duties as father, husband, and full-time job-holder. My test for this was my wife: I didn’t even tell her I was tackling a book a day until six weeks into the project. If she suspected I was slacking- dishes undone, litter box a ruin, laundry growing sentient- then I was failing my prime directive. The preference for quick reads didnt come into play until rule No. 2: Read short books. I don’t deny that 2012 was  not  the year for me to launch into  Terry Goodkind. Want some Tolstoy?  The Forged Coupon, not  War and Peace. Dont hide your YA, exercise shamelessness if you want to reach your 365 book goal. In similar fashion, if I had to point out a third rule of Ryans in this project, itd be Dont be a snob. You dont get to read 365 books in a year without padding out your reading list with a bit of light fodder. The journalists literary junk food as he calls it consisted of zombie novels, books about Old Hollywood,  Ã‚  books about video games  (I can’t play you anymore, but I can read about you!),  comedians’ memoirs,  and  essay collections. Anyone elses indulgence of guilty pleasures would easily stretch to include Young Adult books, chick lit, comic books, even erotica. Does everything you read have to be Booker-worthy? Not if the goal is simply to read and learn more, so feel free to exercise a bit of shamelessness. One of Ryans most important tactics was to read multiple books at once. If youre anything like me, youll imagine this point as being annoying; I like to give my full attention to a novel without interruption from other works, if I can manage it. But the thing about this project is that it opens your eyes to how many different things you already read simultaneously everyday, besides books, and how much extra stuff can be forsaken in order to read more literature. For instance, Ryan might in one day finish up a 1,000 page tome hed been working on for a while, approach the end of an audiobook on his drive home, and close the final chapter on a Chronicles of Narnia novel with his daughter at bedtime. Sound like the kind of multitasking youre used to? And what happens when you replace the normal go-to forms of entertainment crunching up your free time and replace them with books? What might you inadvertently give up? For Ryan it was video games, direct-to-DVD horror films (in the manner of Starship Troopers 2 and Saw V-VII), and  music, as he exclusively listened to audiobooks on his iPod. Its also not difficult to imagine how much more most of us would read were it not   for our TV addictions. To many people, some of those casualties would be unforgivable. To others, pledging to read a book a day might help to check off other resolutions we might often swear to keep but never manage to. Its this new awareness of how most of us use our free time that suddenly makes this resolution appear less impossible and more like something we already engage in: If you follow my path and read a book a day in 2013, you’ll find that you truly, truly will not be reading more than usual. Right now, you are probably reading a comparable amount to me- but you’re reading newspapers, Facebook and Twitter, and the work of the fine folks at  Slate. I let that stuff go for a year in the interest of making my quota. (Maybe that’s why I liked essay collections so much; they’re like magazines in book format.) I always dreamed that in retirement I might be able to knock off a book a day: Turns out, I didn’t have to wait. So you see, pledging to read more in 2013 doesnt have to be a futile promise. As for me, Im going to try something infinitely more manageable than 365 books and focus on six authors I always mean to read but never get around to. They are:   David Mitchell,  Haruki Murakami,  David Foster Wallace,  Jonathan Franzen, Phillip Roth, and (just for fun, because Im appalling when it comes to Russian lit knowledge) Leo Tolstoy. Do you have any literature-related resolutions planned? Perhaps youll plan to read a book a month, or even to participate in 2013s NaNoWriMo? Please, share your ideas on how to read more in a comment below. Whatever you resolve this New Years, I hope your 2013 is full of inspiring and enjoyable reads!

Cell Phone Usage and Texting While Driving Assignment

Cell Phone Usage and Texting While Driving - Assignment Example When an individual uses a cell phone, his or her concentration gets shifted from the road to what is being discussed over the phone. As a result, an individual may not notice a vehicle making a change on the lane, or a vehicle speeding from the opposite direction thus causing an accident via colliding heads with it. Pedestrians hitting is the most severe offence that is culpable that an individual can commit while using a cell phone and at the same time driving. The use of hand free gadgets not necessarily limits an individual chance of causing an accident in any manner. Various researches and studies have proved the statement. Playing mobile games and texting while driving is a perfect example of behaviors that are irresponsible characterized by the users of cell phones. The behavior least acceptable is the receiving of emergency calls in situations that are certain. On the contrary, there are no justifications for gaming or texting on the phone in whatever situation. That is why va rious solutions have been put across to curb such a behavior. Solutions are such as banning the activity, exerting peer pressure and raising awareness and safety improvement through technology use. Cell Phone Use Ban While Driving Globally, several countries have banned the usage of cell phone while driving on the public roads. For instance, in the United States of America, various states have entirely prohibited the cell phone usage while driving. On the other hand, some states have partially banned the usage of cell phones while driving. This means that, the banning is imposed upon specific vehicles such as vehicles used for public transport and buses. In some cases, the ban might prevail in areas that are specific including residential neighborhoods downtown... This essay focuses mostly on cell phones that have played a significant role in our lives today. The researcher analyzes modern usage of cell-phones while driving topic and states that utilization of cell phones while driving can result to fatal or dangerous outcome on the public roads. In essence the trend of diving while texting have rapidly increased. Driving and cell phone usage are not compatible just like driving and alcohol. The combination of the two only results to endangering one’s life and other innocent people as well. Thus, the purpose of this essay is to provide solutions to the above problem via stating the advantages of banning cell phone usage/ texting while driving. From researches conducted, it is obvious that texting while driving has severe consequences. This is because of their potential to eliminate the magnitude of cognitive, visual and manual destruction that occurs as a result of receiving or sending text messages. Safety automotive technologies such as cross-traffic alerts, warning systems in case of collision, stability control that is electronic and change indicators in road lanes will enhance the mitigation the driver inattention consequences. Finally, children, parents, community leaders and professional in the insurance industry have a role to play in ending this habit. In conclusion, the researcher sums up that it is not acceptable socially to drive in absence of a seat belt or drive when you are drunk, the same should be applied to texting while driving.

Manifestation of Catholicism in colonial Brazil Essay

Manifestation of Catholicism in colonial Brazil - Essay Example Notably, even after the independence of the country, the 1824 constitution made catholic the official religion in the country. The imperial government then even paid salaries to catholic priests and influenced the appointments of the bishops in the country then, thus making the religion rather strong in the country than in any part of the world. The Brazilian hierarchy consists of four cardinals, thirty archbishops and 128 bishops. The region, divided into seventy-seven ecclesiastical provinces, has an additional one archdiocese, commonly known as Brasilia. Excepting for only a few exceptions of provinces such as the state of Sao Paulo, which has five provinces, minas Gerais with three provinces, and Rio de Janeiro with two, most of these provinces corresponds to the state boundaries. The vicars general were the, the reactors of the Jesuit College, as well as the priors of the Benedictine, Franciscan and Calamite converts were the highest local ecclesiastical officials. The tribunal of the Lisbon, having gained supremacy over Brazil in the year 1551, undertook the role of overlooking into the religious and moral practices of the Brazilian people. Headed by the inquisitor general who was the president of the general council, oversaw the activities of other tribunals ion his jurisdiction. However, in case of matters relating to the policies and procedures, the general and the general council reined supremacy, unless the pope decided to rule differently. Temporary tribunals visited Brazil, and with the help of the police, undertook their mandate of inquisition (Wadsworth 19). The Portuguese inquisition, having officially begun in the year 1536, Brazil inhabited then the only the extreme margins of the empire of Portuguese, thus eliciting little concern from the inquisitors in Lisbon. The backdrops of colonial history, which painted the pictures of inquisition in Spain in 1478, saw the expulsion of

Ulysses S Grant one of the Greatest Battlefield Leaders Essay Example for Free

Ulysses S Grant one of the Greatest Battlefield Leaders Essay Ulysses S Grant, the Eighteenth President of the United States of America, and often credited as the man who was single handedly responsible for ending the Civil War served his country during the years from 1869 to 1877. He was born the son of a poor tanner from Ohio, in the year 1822. He was a rather average student, and apparently, he went to West Point against his will, where he managed to graduate at the middle of his class. After graduation, the young Ulysses Grant started to work at his father’s leather store in the state of Illinois, and this is where he was working still when the Civil War in which he was to play a major role in his future broke out. It is said that it was this work in his father’s tannery that Ulysses Grant developed a great proficiency and ability in handling equestrians, a trait that was to help him in his later endeavors and battles. It was in the years immediately after his graduation that Grant served in the Mexican War. The young soldier would win two brevets for his meritorious conduct during the War, but all the same, he absolutely detested the war, and wanted no part of it at the time. In 1848, Grant married Julia Dent, the daughter of a rich plantation owner, and immediately afterwards, he was sent on garrison duty to the Central Northeast of the United States of America, where he served until 1854 when he chose to retire under a cloud of rumors about his drinking habits. The young man was thereafter appointed by the then Governor to act as the Commander to a disorderly and unruly volunteer regiment, also known as ‘Governor Gate’s Hellions’. Experts say that it was Ulysses Grant’s expertise and command and presence that managed to bring this regiment of volunteers into some sort of shape, so that at the end of 1861, the brigade was much better organized, and Ulysses rose to the rank of Brigadier General of Volunteers. (Ulysses S Grant n. d) The young tanner Ulysses Grant soon rose to the rank of General, and he was one of the people of the world who was considered to be a ‘true world leader,’ viewed by the people of the world at the time as the ‘Hero of Freedom’ or even as the â€Å"King of America. † In the words of Lord Provost in 1877 when he was addressing a crowd of fifty thousand people or more, â€Å"Grant had proved himself the Wellington of America†¦the great and good Lincoln struck down the poisonous tree of slavery; but Grant tore it up by the roots†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grant the World Leader n. d) In the year 1861, Ulysses Grant a completely unprepared attack on Missouri as the Brigadier of his regiment, and he was forced to retreat with severe losses. Not allowing this to deter him in any way, the brave and resolute man engaged the help of the navy and took Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Hugely successful in these attacks, the pleased Governor accorded him the title of Major General. (About Grant n. d) When Abraham Lincoln was transferred to Washington, there was in fact no single General who would be able to control the West. This was the time when Grant and John McClernand began their struggle for control, and McClernand obtained permission to launch an attack on Vicksburg in Mississippi, even though it appeared that Vicksburg was an unlikely target for the Union attack. The Confederates had however already fortified their position on a bluff over the Mississippi river, and this fact made it almost impossible for the Union forces in New Orleans to join forces with Grant’s army in the state of Tennessee. In 1862, Grant became aware of the plan that McClernand had created, and that he was now planning to make his move. As a result, he appointed William T Sherman in charge of a second prong of attack on Vicksburg, hoping that Sherman would be able to beat McClernand at his own game. Sherman failed however, and the armies set up camp near the Louisiana borders, and Abraham Lincoln sent spies to find out whether or not Ulysses Grant was in reality worthy of command. Interestingly enough, this spy soon became one of Grant’s staunchest supporters and loyal fans, impressed as he was by the man’s integrity and uprightness, complimented by his total lack of interest in the politics of his time, and a desire to get involved in them. This was the time when Ulysses Grant made up his mind that he would try to take Vicksburg from the North, and he soon set about digging trenches and started the effort of moving his troops up from the city. He organized a troop of Navy gunboats to run past the blockade that had been set up at Vicksburg, so that they could help him in his efforts. Now, both Sherman and McClernand were under Grant’s steady control and able leadership, and they led their troops to a strong rout of Confederate troops and managed to isolate them. However, this effort proved to be a disaster, because Grant lost almost 3,200 men. Nevertheless, this gave Grant an opportunity to develop a brand new strategy, a strategy that had ever been attempted before, cushioned by the fact that Grant was aware that he had many more men to lose than his enemy had. This prompted him to launch attack after brutal attack on Vicksburg, until he finally agreed to settle for a siege. It was in July 1863 that John Bowen, an old West Point friend of Grant’s, arrived at the camp so that he could begin the process of negotiations for surrender of the city. Ulysses Grant was stubborn that he would only entertain a complete and an ‘unconditional surrender’ and it was the next day when the Battle of Gettysburg ended that Vicksburg capitulated and surrendered. Grant became a hero. (Ulysses S Grant n. d) One must bring to mind certain important points, facts that would show Ulysses Grant as a man full of character and also as a man with flaws, flaws that he made concerted efforts to overcome, only to move on to become one of the most respected men of all time in America, and to become known as one of the ‘Greatest Battlefield Heroes’ of the world. Vicksburg in Mississippi was an extremely well protected fortress for the Confederate Army during the Civil War. In 1863 Ulysses Grant as the Union General attacked Vicksburg with the primary intention of eventually taking over the entire city. Although he was prevented from doing so, Grant had made up his mind to launch the attack, and this he did, and he settled himself down to a six week siege, displaying to all his tremendous patience and intelligence in waiting for what he thought he would eventually obtain. Grant cut off all supply lines to the city, and fired upon Vicksburg constantly. At this point, several of the city’s residents moved out of the city to escape the firing taking place, and into caves in the nearby hills. Ulysses Grant also moved too close for comfort at times, so close that, as historians state, at several points in time, both Union and confederate soldiers were so close that they could shout across at each other and be heard clearly. By the time it was the month of June, Grant had brought in eighty thousand Union troops for the capture of Vicksburg. On the forty fourth day after Grant had launched his attack on Vicksburg, things had gone out of control there were no supplies to the town, and the city newspaper ‘Daily Citizen’ was forced to print its news on wallpapers. It was reported that the General Ulysses S Grant probably wished to celebrate the Fourth of July â€Å"dining in Vicksburg†. On July 4th, in reality, Pemberton surrendered to the Union General, and Grant’s men added a paragraph to the newspaper article that Grant had indeed managed to dine in Vicksburg on July Fourth! (General Ulysses S Grant attempted to take Vicksburg n. d) Grant’s military leadership during the Vicksburg assault is one of the most talked about events in American history. One of the reasons may be that Vicksburg was a city of tremendous importance, strategically, to the Union. The final campaign in Vicksburg under the able leadership of Ulysses S Grant is also one of the most remembered events in American history. This was the campaign in which Grant marched some forty five thousand of his men across Milliken’s Bend in Louisiana in March 1863. Grant had divided his troops into three main corps under the leaderships of Sherman, McPherson and McClernand and marched them across to Hard Times Landing in Louisiana. From this point forward, the troops were ferried across the river to Bruinsburg by boats, no small feat at the time. The first battle was therefore fought at Fort Gibson, a battle that ended in an easy victory for Grant and his men. In the aftermath of this victory, Grant became supremely confident, and also became victorious in campaign after campaign. However, despite all his victories and his by now good reputation, own after plenty of hard work and effort, Ulysses Grant was gradually becoming known as a ‘drinker’. It was this drinking habit that caused him to lose, rather quickly, the hard won respect of his fellow men and his fellow campaigners at battle. It was in all probability this same drinking habit that may have caused Grant to choose inept leaders for his constituency in later years when he was to become the President of the United States of America. Ulysses Grant was also to prove to be absolutely inept at statecraft. This led him to choose and appoint four judges to the Supreme Court in a completely inefficient manner; in the words of biographer McFeely, â€Å"He chose them with about the same discernment that went into his selection of consuls and postmasters. † (Kammler, Dan n. d) Abraham Lincoln himself acknowledged personally the spirit of courage and bravery and fortitude that Ulysses Grant had displayed during the Vicksburg campaign, and as a token of his gratitude and indebtedness to the soldier, he appointed him the ‘Commander of all the US Armies’ with the rank of Lieutenant General. One must remember that this was perhaps the very first time in history that a soldier after George Washington had held a rank of such great importance. After this appointment as Commander, Ulysses Grant worked tirelessly to occupy Robert Lee’s rebel army situated towards the East, while the Union troops worked in the South, destroying homes, farms and factories. This was one of grant’s cleverer campaigns, and it worked; Lee surrendered in 1865, bringing to a final end the four bloodiest years of the ongoing Civil War. Grant was of course commended for being a Hero of the Civil War, for it was his plan that brought in the much sought after victory. (Ulysses S Grant 2007) Ulysses Grant went on to accept the Republican nomination and to being appointed as the President of the United States of America, even though he despised politics, and wanted no part of it. The brave hero worked hard at trying to bring the North and the South together, and contributed his might to solving the several problems if the American government at the time. However, Grant was never acknowledged as an able political leader, and becoming better known for his financial scandals, he retired and started to write his own wartime memoirs for a price to support his family. He died in July 1885, and he was honored with a solemn and large funeral procession in New York, with several hundreds of people personally acknowledging him for the great and brave soldier and military leader he had been during his lifetime. References Ulysses S Grant (n. d) The White House Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. whitehouse. gov/history/presidents/ug18. html Grant the World Leader (n. d) Ulysses S Grant Homepage Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. granthomepage. com/grantleader. htm About Grant (n. d) Ulysses S Grant Thinkquest Retrieved December 9 2008, http://library. thinkquest. org/3055/netscape/people/grant. html Ulysses S Grant The Vicksburg Campaign (n. d) Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. sparknotes. com/biography/grant/section7. rhtml General Ulysses S Grant attempted to take Vicksburg (n. d) America’s Story Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. americaslibrary. gov/cgi-bin/page. cgi/jb/civil/vicksburg_1 Kammler, Dan (n. d) Ulysses S Grant Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. lib. niu. edu/1993/ihy930228. html Ulysses S Grant (2007) People and events Retrieved December 9 2008, http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/grant/peopleevents/p_ugrant. html

how to care for hermit crab :: essays research papers

How to take care of Color. 1. Wash hands before handling   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. You don’t want her to get sick cause you are sick. 2. Always have salt water and fresh water available.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Salt water is that little pouch that I gave you. Add all of that to 2 cups HOT water. Shake in a closed bottle until all salt crystals are gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Use the tap water conditioner to remove chlorine †¦ DO NOT FOR GET! Hermit crabs can not have tap water it will kill them! 3. Never pull her out of shell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Duh! 4. Feed her in the night and leave food there all day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Feed her anything that does not have milk or dairy. And no citrus even though some say you can feed them that †¦ I don’t think its healthy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. I usually feed her and Juicy carrots and peanuts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Always cut up food so they have smaller pieces. 5. Use plastic wrap to keep in Humidity in the container.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Place the plastic wrap on the lid. During the day allow some air to come though and during the night cover completely. 6.Don’t place in direct sunlight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Even thought the sun is a good source for heat. Its not good when paired with a heater. 7. Use the paper cups for water and food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Because of the small area these work well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Cut so that there is a depression on one side and the other sides are even. 8. Bath time!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. After about 3 days you can give her a bath.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Use Conditioned tap water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. The best time is when she’s out and walking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D. Fill a bowl with water only water. Take her and place her up side down( her claws touch the bottom) and count to 45 fast like 1..2..3. 9.Have fun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Color is the most active right now due to the fact that Juicy is molting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Be sure to play with her. In the small container she could get stressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. You can allow others to take care of her. Be sure they are gentle. And have washed their hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D. Never allow anyone to tap the side of the container.

Dehydration Lab Report

Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol February 10, 2013 Introduction This experiment was done to demonstrate the practical use of dehydration reactions and produce three different products. Dehydration reactions are reactions that involve the leaving of an â€Å"-OH† or â€Å"-H† group resulting in the formation of a double bond between two carbons. For the experiment we used 2-Methylcyclohexanol as a beginning reagent to dehydrate and possibly form 3-methylcyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, or methylenecyclohexane.Drierite ® (Calcium Sulfate) was used as a drying agent to help break the alcohol and hydrogen groups from the carbons. Concentrated phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst to help move the reaction towards the products motioned above. To determine the successfulness of the experiment and the amount of product(s) recovered, IR spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography and percent yield calculations were used. Equations and Structures 6. References 1. â€Å"18. Dehydrat ion of 2- Methylcyclohexanol. † Organic Chemistry Lab 2040L. XU Chemistry, n. d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 2. Material Safety Data Sheet 2-Methylcyclohexanol. † Http://www. coleparmer. com/Assets/Msds/97403. htm. Coleparmer, 19 Mar. 1998. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 3. â€Å"Material Safety Data Sheet Methylcyclohexane. † Sciencelab. com. Science Lab, 09 Oct. 2005. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 4. Helmenstine, Anne M. , Ph. D. â€Å"How to Write a LabA  Report. † About. com Chemistry. About. com Guide, n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . 5. â€Å"Theoretical Yield. † Theoretical Yield. Ed. University of Colorado at Boulder. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . 7. Data Chemicals In Experiment| B.P. | Amount Used| **Observations| 2-Methylcyclohexanol| 164-166 °C | 0. 75mL| Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. | Calcium Sulfate (Drierite ®)| 1193 °C| Half Hickman Still| White powder that resembled kitty litter. | Phosphoric Acid| 158  °C| Approx. 1mL| Clear liquid & Odorless| 3-Methylcyclohexene| 104 °C| N/A| Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. | 1-Methylcyclohexene *| 110 °C| N/A| Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. | Methylenecyclohexane| 102 °C| N/A| Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. *Major Product **Not All Observations were noted in lab manual, many stated are from memory from the experiment. Observations: It took a lot of time for the Hickman Still to display any signs of condensation. The sand bath was adjusted to â€Å"60† power when â€Å"40† did not yield any visible results. The addition of a lid to the Hickman Still seemed to expedite the entire process. Colorless liquid began to collect rapidly in the first section of the Hickman Still. Weight of Vial without Product| 4. 284 grams| Weight of Vial with Product| 4. 550 grams| Weight of Product| 0. 266 grams|Theoretical Yield| 0. 63 grams| Percent Yield of Product| 42% of Produc t was Recovered| GC Interpretation: The GC reading showed 3 peaks that were the products and one blip that is attributed to the air in the system. The different boiling points of the different molecules in the sample cause the different peaks to be expressed in the GC. Of the 3 peaks, 1-Methylcyclohexene proved to be the most abundant product due its large area percentage. Percent Air| Ignore| Percent Methylenecyclohexane| 1. 64555 = 2%| Percent 3-Methylcyclohexene| 17. 97600 = 18%| Percent 1-Methylcyclohexene| 79. 8650 = 80%| IR Spectroscopy Reading of Sample Gas Chromatography Data 8. Calculations 9. Conclusions In conclusion, we were successfully able to dehydrate 2-Methlycyclohexanol to synthesize all three of the above products most notably 1-Methylcyclohexene. Adding approximately 1mL of 83% concentrated phosphoric acid to serve as the catalyst to the starting reagent and using calcium sulfate as a desiccant in the Hickman Still allowed the reaction to occur. The process of ge tting the products to condense on the first section of the Hickman Still took quite a while of time.After the product was collected, IR spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical make up and purity of the product. The IR reading of the product collected in comparison to the IR of the starting reagent 2-Methylcyclohexanol showed in the 3400 cm? 1 that the –OH had went from a broad peak to a small blip. This gives evidence to the degree of successfulness of the dehydration preformed but also shows that some –OH was still in the product. The hypothetical GC data provided for this experiment demonstrates the purity of the sample along with the percent of each molecule found in the product. -Methlcylcohexene proved to be the major product of the reaction due to the 80% area in the GC data and the regions expressed in the IR reading. Due to human errors such as not allowing enough time for the product to collect, using more desiccants than needed, allowing for the tempe rature of the sand bath to reach the boiling point of 2-Methylcyclohexanol or not retrieving the entire product, the percent yield was only 42%. The experiment is considered a success because all the expected products were produced and very little –OH was found in the sample.

The Lost Beautifulness

Diana Tello ENH 285 Englehart 22 Febuary 2012 Journal Entry #5: Anzia Yezierska’s â€Å"The Lost Beautifulness† Anzia Yezierska’s short story â€Å"The Lost Beautifulness,† is the portrayal of the common immigrant during the 1920’s in search of the â€Å"American dream. † The main character Hanneh Hayyeh is â€Å"tired of living like a pig,† so she does whatever it takes to fulfill her place in living this dream. Mrs. Hayyeh even idolizes her son and takes much pride in the fact that he’s in the army, fighting for her to live this dream. Another character that contributes to the way Mrs.Hayyeh perceives America is, Mrs. Peterson. Mrs. Peterson has it all; a beautiful house,stability, and money. One thing that Mrs. Peterson mentions to Mrs. Hayyeh that is very crucial is the word â€Å"democracy,† Mrs. Hayyeh completely misinterprets this word thinking that everyone in America can be financially equal. Mrs. Hayyeh has unre alistic expectations of this dream, and she later comes to realize that not everything is as good as it seems. â€Å"The Lost beautifulness,† is a story filled with many historical components.An obvious component that is seen from the start is the famous WWI, where we see Mrs. Hayyeh †worship† her son before he goes out and fights for America. Many men were drafted and took off to the war during these times, leaving behind the sad, but proud mothers. Another important historical component is â€Å"immigration,† where in the text we meet Mrs. Hayyeh, an Immigrant from Russia. A major factor that led to the rise of immigration during these times was to express freedom of religion, and feel the American Dream. Mrs.Hayyeh was a Jewish woman trying to escape oppressed Russia and coming to the U. S where she later realized that here days of oppressions were not over yet. The oppression she faced in the U. S had to do with the men in her life. First, she faces her cruel landlord who keeps increasing her rent on unjust terms. Mrs. Hayyeh relentlessly tries to fight this man’s cruel acts without any fear because she thinks America and â€Å"democracy,† will help her through, and she doesn’t know that like in her religion Women are suppressed figures here too. In the domestic sphere Mrs. Hayyeh has a raditional Jewish husband who hasn’t supported her in any way through her ambitious ideas, and when her world comes crumbling down, he abandons her and lets her know that â€Å"she should’ve listened to her husband. † Historically, and even today In the Judaism Religion, if a women wasn’t obedient to her husband, all hell would break loose. Not only Judaism but plenty of other religions indicate that a woman must obey her husband. Many men have taken advantage of that and in places like Africa, India, and even the United States domestic violence has alarmingly increased from the roots of these ideas. Humans are entitled to mistakes and choices and by no means should a man get a free pass to emotionally, verbally, or physically abuse a female. It is understandable that woman’s religious beliefs can be very strong but there is a fine line between religion and humanity. It is also imperative to understand that the religious interpretations that women receive, if any, are taught by men, so they may not even have credentials from the actual works of the text from the particular religion.These interpretations are likely altered to be at the convenience of the men, and women often have lack of knowledge which leads to their vulnerability. Many women believe they have to tolerate abuse because of the subservience they have towards their husbands. Slowly, here in the U. S we are managing to move away from this but today there are still many third world countries we’re trying to help progress, and break away from unreasonable perspectives.

Technology Revolution Essays - Cultural Globalization, Digital Media

Technology Revolution Essays - Cultural Globalization, Digital Media Technology Revolution The technology revolution is upon us. In recent years there have been many triumphs in technology. Now more than ever, people are able to communicate over thousands of miles with the greatest of ease. Wireless communication is much to thank for the ease of communication. What used to take weeks threw mail, now takes seconds over the Internet. But just like any revolution there are social consequences, especially when the revolution takes place around the globe. Since the world does not evolve at the same pace, lesser developed countries as well as minorities in developed countries have not even come close to reaping the benefits of a world connected at the touch of a button. The social argument is that as this revolution proceeds, the gap between the haves and have-nots will widen to the point of ill repute. Others argue that because of technological advances the world is a much better place. This seems to be the debate at hand. The problem domestically is that providing high-speed Internet services to rural communities is difficult. Tom Daschle, a senator from Senator from South Dakota highlighted the digital divide between those who have access to high-speed Internet services and those who live in undeserved areas where such capabilities may not be readily available. The reason that this so critical to Senator Daschle is because those without access to high-speed Internet services could be cut off from affordable information on education and healthcare. The major issue domestically is the distance problem. Rural areas are so far from the more technologically advanced urban areas that getting high-speed phone connections to these rural areas is difficult. To help remedy this problem many phone companies are trying to enter the long-distance market. By doing this, it will enable telephone companies to make greater investments in rural areas at a lower more affordable cost. Another option to connect this dist ant areas is the exploiting of wireless technology. Wireless technology can be a way around the distance problem posed by offering these rural communities Internet access over traditional landlines. John Stanton of western Wireless says, Economically, wireless is a better way of providing universal service. There is also another problem with Internet access on the domestic front. This problem is that of race. According to a new Federal survey, African-Americans and Hispanics are less than half as likely as whites to explore the Internet from home, work or school. This study also reinforces the fear that minority groups are increasingly at a disadvantage in competing for entry-level jobs because most of these jobs now require a knowledge of computers and comfort in navigating the Internet. Donna L. Hoffman, a professor at Vanderbilt University says, The big question is why African-Americans are not adopting this technology, its not just price, because they are buying cable and satellite systems in large numbers. So we have to look deeper to cultural and social factors. I think there is still a question of Whats in it for me? Most division in computer use correlates to income levels and education. Sixty-one percent of whites and 54 percent of blacks in households earning more than $75,000 used the internet regularly, but the figures drop to 17 percent of whites and 8 percent of blacks when families are earning $15,000 to $35,000. It has become obvious that race and socio-economic standing has something to do with the involvement in this technological revolution. Internationally is where the largest problems lie. In many corners of the world, there are dozens of developing countries where widespread access to the Internet remains a distant possibility. While some of the worlds most remote places have the internet, there are still no connections in Iraq, North Korea and a handful of African countries. In many of the developing countries with internet access, the access is basically concentrated in the largest cities and is prohibitively expensive when set against an individuals income. In order to shorten the gap of technology between developed and lesser-developed countries, especially in the realm of the internet, there is an annual conference called INET. The purpose of this conference is to educate those who are not as technologically advanced and sending participants home with additional technical and administrative

Cloture Defintion - Senate Rule to Break a Filibuster

Cloture Defintion - Senate Rule to Break a Filibuster Cloture is a procedure used occasionally in the U.S. Senate to break a filibuster. Cloture, or Rule 22, is the only formal procedure in Senate parliamentary rules, in fact, that can force an end to the stalling tactic. It allows the Senate to limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours of debate. Cloture History The Senate first adopted the cloture rule in 1917 after President Woodrow Wilson called for the implementation of a procedure to end debate on any given matter. The first cloture rule allowed for such a move with the support of a two-thirds majority in the upper chamber of Congress. Cloture was first used two years later, in 1919, when the Senate was debating the Treaty of Versailles, the peace agreement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. Lawmakers successfully invoked cloture to end a lengthy filibuster on the matter. Perhaps the most well known use of cloture came when the Senate invoked the rule after a 57-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Southern lawmakers stalled debate over the measure, which included a ban on lynching, until the Senate mustered enough votes for cloture. Reasons for Cloture Rule The cloture rule was adopted at a time when deliberations in the Senate had ground to a halt, frustrating President Wilson during a time of war. At the end of the session in 1917, lawmakers filibustered for 23 days against Wilsons proposal to arm merchant ships, according to the Senate Historians office. The delay tactic also hampered efforts to pass other important legislation. President Calls for Cloture Wilson railed against the Senate, calling it the only legislative body in the world which cannot act when its majority is ready for action. A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own, have rendered the great government of the United States helpless and contemptible. As a result, the Senate wrote and passed the original cloture rule on March 8, 1917. In addition to ending filibusters, the new rule allowed each senator an additional hour to speak after invoking cloture and before voting on a bills final passage. Despite Wilsons influence in instituting the rule, cloture was invoked only five times over the course of the following four and a half decades. Cloture Impact Invoking cloture guarantees that a Senate vote on the bill or amendment being debated will eventually happen. The House does not have a similar measure. When cloture is invoked, senators are also required to engage in debate that is germane to the legislation being discussed. The rule contains a clause the any speech following the invocation of cloture must be on the measure, motion, or other matter pending before the Senate. The cloture rule thereby prevents lawmakers from merely stalling for another hour by, say, reciting the Declaration of Independence or reading names from a phone book. Cloture Majority The majority needed to invoke cloture in the Senate remained two-thirds, or 67 votes, of the 100-member body from the rules adoption in 1917 until 1975, when the number of votes needed was reduced to just 60. To being the cloture process, at least 16 members of the Senate must sign a cloture motion or petition that states: We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, hereby move to bring to a close the debate upon (the matter in question). Cloture Frequency Cloture was rarely invoked in the early 1900s and mid-1900s. The rule was used only four times, in fact, between 1917 and 1960. Cloture became more common only in the late 1970s, according to records kept by the Senate. The procedure was used a record 187 times in the 113th Congress, which met in 2013 and 2014 during President Barack Obamas second term in the White House.

A contextualised analysis of MORRISON (WM) SUPERMARKETS PLC Coursework

A contextualised analysis of MORRISON (WM) SUPERMARKETS PLC - Coursework Example In the United Kingdom there are a total of 92,796 grocery stores which are broadly classified into the following four categories namely Convenience stores, Traditional retail, Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and Superstore and Online Channel. Among these, hypermarkets, supermarkets and superstores are the largest in the UK (Li, 2008). Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC, a publicly traded company, is a supermarket chain which offers a wide range of goods including branded ones and its own labelled products. They are the fourth largest food retailer in the United Kingdom by sales with 439 stores across Britain and an annual turnover of  £16 billion. The main speciality of this chain of supermarkets is its high quality fresh food at great prices. Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The company has developed from a single egg and butter stall in Bradford and has turned into one of the best food retailers in the United Kingdom. Starting from a small stall in Bradf ord in 1899, a new produce depot was opened in 1976. The company took over Whelan Discount Stores and started operating in Lancashire for the first time in 1978. The first Morrisons distribution centre was opened in 1988 followed by the opening of second distribution centre in 1997. ... They are the fourth largest food retailer in the United Kingdom by sales with 439 stores across Britain and an annual turnover of ?16 billion. The main speciality of this chain of supermarkets is its high quality fresh food at great prices. Morrison WM Supermarkets PLC was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The company has developed from a single egg and butter stall in Bradford and has turned into one of the best food retailers in the United Kingdom. Starting from a small stall in Bradford in 1899, a new produce depot was opened in 1976. The company took over Whelan Discount Stores and started operating in Lancashire for the first time in 1978. The first Morrisons distribution centre was opened in 1988 followed by the opening of second distribution centre in 1997. It was in February 2004 the company went national by opening a store in Scotland. Morrisons became the fourth largest retailer in the UK in March 2006 by opening UK’s first BioEthanol E85 filling pumps. The compan y has 700 tractors and 1700 trailers distributing to the stores across the country and it is now the largest supplier of apprenticeships in the United Kingdom. The following are deemed to be the four important reasons why they occupy a unique position in the grocery market: 1. Quality: They ensure control quality by owning their own production facilities. 2. Insight: They know what they are buying and where it comes from. 3. Value: They buy direct and pass savings on to the customer. 4. Flexibility: They get their food in store faster and react to the market more quickly. (Morrisons, 2011a) The company’s overall turnover is 17,663, 000 GBP, net income is 690,000 GBP, total assets is worth 9,859,000 GBP and the number of employees is 131,207, number of recorded shareholders is 86

Marketing Management - Sustainable marketing campaign for Virginia Essay

Marketing Management - Sustainable marketing campaign for Virginia Community Capital Inc - Essay Example The organization aims at fully aiding the weaker faction of the community by offering the housing loans and investments solutions for housing and community projects. This is a marginalized population and Virginia Community Capital Inc. is offering a solution to their economic woes. Through its numerous positions of jobs, VCC intends to create employment to the people of Virginia to reduce unemployment and social vices (VCC, 2014 p 24). VCC offers a financial solution to the people around and intend to change the face of Virginia through its diverse activities. Virginia Community Capital Inc as an organization intends to help the people of Virginia. As an organization, its primarily objective is to help the people within the boundaries of Virginia. It thus does not intend to reap from a community that host it but fully support them for the empowerment and growth of Virginia. Virginia as a state is large and hugely populated and VCC has identified this. To reach its targeted market, the organization has stratified its customers into groups. The groups that are highly prioritized are the most targeted customers of the organization (VCC, 2014 p 23). Virginia like any other metropolitan and urban society is divided into economic classes. The lower class is the most targeted one. Like in any other society, the lower class constitutes the greater part of the society. This is true of Virginia. The low class dominates Virginia and thus contributes to the GDP of Virginia negatively (Kotler, 2009 p.65). Most of these people are living in poverty. They hardly afford proper health care, proper education, better foods and other basic necessities of living. This factor has driven Virginia Community Capital Inc. towards them. Its major target is these people as it aims to empower them for their own development. Through the loans provided, such population is able to invest into housing, business